Ch 16
Atlantic Revolutions
North American Revolution
1175-1787
Independence from
Britain – union of 13 colonies into one nation
French Revolution
1789-1815
Soldiers returning
home from American revolution wanted the same for them
Driven from within
as opposed to distant ruler
Haitian Revolution
1791-1804
Slaves started it
with a massive revolt
Spanish American Revolutions
1810-1825
Royal Authority in
disarray
Lasted longer because
societies were so divided
Abolition of Slavery
Enlightenment
Thinkers were critical of slavery
Out of date and unnecessary
industrial technology
Moral virtue and
economic success were joined
Nations and Nationalism
Atlantic
revolutions gave prominence to human community – the nation.
Feminist Movement
Thinkers of
Enlightenment challenged female inferiority
Started with
isolated voices and turned into a mass movement by the end of the century
Ch 17
Industrial Revolution
Shift to
nonrenewable energies
Increase of goods
and services
Led to new social
classes (aristocracy, middle class, laboring classes)
Social Protest
Laboring Classes
started to reform
Russia - Socialist
views gradually spread within the working class (Owen and Marx)
Europeans –
prompted massive migration
U.S. – union organizations
were conservative, massive immigration led to diversity, middle-class
aspirations found socialism less attractive
Russia – Revolution
Sole outpost of
monarchy
Workers went on
strike and created soviets
Ch 18
Second wave of European conquests
Focused in Asia
and Africa
“scientific racism”
Forced labor
Wage Labor – migrating to work
Women were clearly subordinate to men but African women had measure of economic
autonomy
Education – colonizers used education as a means of uplifting native
races
Religion – missionaries brought religion, medicine and education plus
other
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