Ch 9
Islam
Arabian Peninsula
Muhammad 570-632 ce
Revelations recorded
in Quran
Mecca – revelations attracted a small following
Medina- began to create a new society and independence from Judaism
Profound transformation in just over 20 years…new religion was born
Arab Empire
War, Conquest and tolerance
Able to practice
own religion as long as one paid a tax
Difficult to have a unified Muslim community
Women were viewed as subordinate
Made strides in math and science
Ch 11-12
Pastoral Societies
Mongols – stunning entry…largest land-based empire in all of human history
Didn’t add much in
terms of language, religion or civilization
Chinggis Khan – unified Mongol tribes…powerful army, thought he could
unite the entire world into one empire
Mongols conquered China – allowed many accommodations since the mongols
had no experience running their complex society
Mongols conquered Persia – shock to Islams, pushed peasants off of their
land due to taxing and punishments …some sectors gained- wine & silk
Mongols conquered Russia – not much to take so they decided not to
occupy…still collected tributes
Mongols played a major role in trade and disease
Plague/black death
Ming Dynasty – eliminate all signs of foreign rule, relocated capital
to Beijing, reestablished civil service exam system, restored cultivation
Europe- cultural blossoming Renaissance
Maritime expeditions/explorers
Ottoman – caliph renewed unity for Islam, reversed roles from the
crusades
Aztec – Mexico, sun was central to all life, women seemed to have a
more level field with men
Inca – Western Hemisphere’s largest imperial state
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